Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana & Planch.
Holy wood / Palo santo
The famous 'palo santo' of South America, one of the most aromatic trees in the world. Its wood, especially after the natural death of the tree, releases a fragrant aroma of wood, mint and citrus when burned. Highly valued in purification rituals, meditation and aromatherapy worldwide. The essential oil contains limonene (>60%) and is widely commercialized. Deciduous tree of the South American Pacific tropical dry forest.
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Overview
| Category | Classification |
|---|---|
| Family | Burseraceae |
| Genus | Bursera |
| Growth Habit | Medium deciduous tree, 4-12 m, smooth grey-green bark; erect habit with irregular crown; very aromatic |
| Conservation Status | Data Deficient (DD) / Not assessed in some regions — trade regulated by CITES Appendix II in Ecuador and Peru |
| pH Target | 6.0 – 8.0 |
| Type | Arid calcareous, sandy or rocky soils of the Pacific coast; tolerant of poor soils |
Origin & Habitat
Requirements
Soil & Substrate
Type
Arid calcareous, sandy or rocky soils of the Pacific coast; tolerant of poor soils
groups Beneficial Associations
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Propagation Strategy
F
O
Every 2-3 years
Mild organic fertilizer twice a year during the growing season
Uses & Applications
Precautions / Toxicity
Not toxic in normal use as incense; highly concentrated essential oil may cause mucous membrane irritation
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Plant Health
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"IMPORTANT: For palo santo wood to be aromatic it must come from a naturally dead tree (minimum 4-10 years of drying standing or fallen). Wood from cut live trees does not have the characteristic aroma. This makes sustainable trade especially complex."
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Scientific Integrity
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Sources
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Discussion
Disclaimer
This species record is provided for educational and informational purposes only. Jardín Roca Negra does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the data. Content is community-curated and may be subject to revision; it should not replace advice from a qualified botanist. This species may be toxic, invasive, or subject to legal restrictions — verify before handling or cultivating. Jardín Roca Negra accepts no liability for any harm arising from reliance on this information. Images are reproduced under Creative Commons or equivalent free licenses; credits are noted below each image.